The only time I have experienced this is when using an extension that did not fully support mobile. In particular, the text-to-speech extension caused this when I exported to APK.
It may not be your problem, but probably worth looking into if you have extensions installed.
Are you getting an error black or is it just a black screen you see on your phone?
Did you the APK/cordova packaging yourself or through the online services?
Maximum supported by most PCs is ~2000x2000, and you don’t want to be constantly hitting that maximum. (These are chromium/webkit limits)
The game Spiritfarer has most of it’s sprites under 512x512, and it is one of the most graphically impressive drawn 2D games on consoles/PCs, so you definitely won’t need larger than that for mobile. If you go above that, it’s potentially fine (so long as you never exceed 2000x200), but know that older mobile devices may have limits that don’t render above 1000x1000 even.
Don’t know how else to explain it. Do not have any images above 2048x2048 in size, period . Try to keep images under 512x512 in size. Any images exceeding 1000x1000 in size may not work on older mobile devices.